An integrated formulation of zernike invariant for mining insect images

This paper presents mathematical integration of Zernike Moments and United Moment Invariant for extracting printed insect images.These features are further mining for granular information by investigating the variance of Interclass and intra-class. The results reveal that the proposed integrated formulation yield better analysis compared to convectional Zernike moments and United Moment Invariant

An Integrated Formulation of Zernike Invariant for Mining Insect Images

This paper presents mathematical integration of Zernike Moments and United Moment Invariant for extracting printed insect images.  These features are further mining for granular information by investigating the variance  of Interclass and intra-class. The results reveal that the proposed integrated formulation yield better analysis compared to conventional Zernike moments and United Moment Invarian

Beneficial effects of TQRF and TQ nano- and conventional emulsions on memory deficit, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, antioxidants genes expression and soluble Ab levels in high fat-cholesterol diet-induced rats

The study determined the effect of thymoquinone rich fraction (TQRF) and thymoquinone (TQ) in the forms of nano- and conventional emulsions on learning and memory, lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant status, antioxidants genes expression and soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) levels in rats fed with a high fat-cholesterol diet (HFCD). The TQRF was extracted from Nigella sativa seeds using a supercritical fluid extraction system and prepared into nanoemulsion, which later named as TQRF nanoemulsion (TQRFNE). Meanwhile, TQ was acquired commercially and prepared into thymoquinone nanoemulsion (TQNE). The TQRF and TQ conventional emulsions (CE), named as TQRFCE and TQCE, respectively were studied for comparison. Statin (simvastatin) and non-statin (probucol) cholesterol-lowering agents, and a mild-to-severe Alzheimer's disease drug (donepezil) were served as control drugs. The Sprague Dawley rats were fed with HFCD for 6 months, and treated with the intervention groups via oral gavage daily for the last 3 months. As a result, HFCD-fed rats exhibited hypercholesterolaemia, accompanied by memory deficit, increment of lipid peroxidation and soluble Aβ levels, decrement of total antioxidant status and down-regulation of antioxidants genes expression levels. TQRFNE demonstrated comparable effects to the other intervention groups and control drugs in serum biomarkers as well as in the learning and memory test. Somehow, TQRFNE was more prominent than those intervention groups and control drugs in brain biomarkers concomitant to gene and protein expression levels. Supplementation of TQRFNE into an HFCD thus could ameliorate memory deficit, lipid peroxidation and soluble Aβ levels as well as improving the total antioxidant status and antioxidants genes expression levels

Thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion (TQRFNE) decreases Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels by modulating APP processing, up-regulating IDE and LRP1, and down-regulating BACE1 and RAGE in response to high fat/cholesterol diet-induced rats

Though the causes of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are yet to be understood, much evidence has suggested that excessive amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation due to abnormal amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ metabolism are crucial processes towards AD pathogenesis. Hence, approaches aiming at APP processing and Aβ metabolism are currently being actively pursued for the management of AD. Studies suggest that high cholesterol and a high fat diet have harmful effects on cognitive function and may instigate the commencement of AD pathogenesis. Despite the neuropharmacological attributes of black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) extracts and its main active compound, thymoquinone (TQ), limited records are available in relation to AD research. Nanoemulsion (NE) is exploited as drug delivery systems due to their capacity of solubilising non-polar active compounds and is widely examined for brain targeting. Herewith, the effects of thymoquinone-rich fraction nanoemulsion (TQRFNE), thymoquinone nanoemulsion (TQNE) and their counterparts’ conventional emulsion in response to high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)-induced rats were investigated. Particularly, the Aβ generation; APP processing, β-secretase 1 (BACE1), γ-secretases of presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2), Aβ degradation; insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), Aβ transportation; low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) were measured in brain tissues. TQRFNE reduced the brain Aβ fragment length 1–40 and 1–42 (Aβ40 and Aβ42) levels, which would attenuate the AD pathogenesis. This reduction could be due to the modulation of β- and γ-secretase enzyme activity, and the Aβ degradation and transportation in/out of the brain. The findings show the mechanistic actions of TQRFNE in response to high fat and high cholesterol diet associated to Aβ generation, degradation and transportation in the rat’s brain tissue

United zernike invariants for character images

Feature extraction is one of the major components in traditional pattern recognition. There are many methods for extracting the features, either structural approach or global approach. In this paper, we present integrated formulation of Zernike Moments and United Moment Invariant for extracting the character images accordingly. The extraction values are validated by measuring the Inter-class and intra-class analysis to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The results yield that the proposed method are feasible and better for extracting the images for both inter-class and intra-class analysis

An Integrated Formulation of Zernike Invariant for Mining Insect Images

Abstract — This paper presents mathematical integration o

Rice consumption and predisposition to metabolic diseases: The role of PPARγ and GLUT4 dysregulation

Metabolic diseases of significant dietary cause have been multiplying since the climax of the Industrial Revolution and are approaching pandemic proportions. Diet has been promulgated as a cornerstone in tackling these diseases. Understanding the long-term molecular modulatory functions of a diet on key metabolic pathways associated with the pathophysiology of these diseases cannot be overemphasised. Since rice is a staple food for more than half of the world's population and has been linked to some metabolic diseases, we assert that understanding the long-term molecular modulatory effect of rice cultivars on PPARγ and GLUT4 gene products could reduce the burden of these diseases. This would be done by harnessing which property of a rice cultivar alters important metabolic pathways necessary for normal body function. Forty-eight nulliparous rats fed for 90 days with differing rice cultivars were mated with male rats raised on standard pellet. The resulting pups and dams were sacrificed (n = 6). Their adipose tissue, hepatic tissue and muscle tissue were investigated for PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression regulations. Protein was also extracted from the aforementioned tissues, separated on SDS-PAGE and blotted and probed with PPARγ and GLUT4 primary antibodies, followed by a secondary antibody. Global hepatic DNA methylation due to the interventions were quantified using a DNA methylation kit. Our findings showed that germination status and high amylose composition properties in rice cultivars prevented the downregulation of GLUT4 gene products in standard-chow- and high-fat-diet-fed rats. It also prevented the upregulation of PPAR gene products in the same rats. Alterations in mRNA and protein regulations were inherited by the offspring. Furthermore, germinated rice cultivars with high amylose content demonstrated lower hepatic DNA methylation levels compared with low-amylose white rice. Also, a 50% correlation was observed between mRNA and protein levels of the various interventions employed. In overall, the findings point towards an expected lesser burden of diet-related metabolic diseases if the beneficial properties of a high-amylose content and germination status in a rice cultivar are harnessed. Keywords: Amylose content, Germination status, GLUT4, Metabolic diseases, PPARγ, Ric

Modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human neuronal cells by Thymoquinone-rich fraction and Thymoquinone via transcriptomic regulation of antioxidant and apoptotic signaling genes

Nigella sativa Linn. (N. sativa) and its bioactive constituent Thymoquinone (TQ) have demonstrated numerous pharmacological attributes. In the present study, the neuroprotective properties of Thymoquinone-rich fraction (TQRF) and TQ against hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced neurotoxicity in differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells were investigated. TQRF was extracted using supercritical fluid extraction while TQ was acquired commercially, and their effects on H2O2 were evaluated using cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, morphological observation, and multiplex gene expression. Both TQRF and TQ protected the cells against H2O2 by preserving the mitochondrial metabolic enzymes, reducing intracellular ROS levels, preserving morphological architecture, and modulating the expression of genes related to antioxidants (SOD1, SOD2, and catalase) and signaling genes (p53, AKT1, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK, and NF-κβ). In conclusion, the enhanced efficacy of TQRF over TQ was likely due to the synergism of multiple constituents in TQRF. The efficacy of TQRF was better than that of TQ alone when equal concentrations of TQ in TQRF were compared. In addition, TQRF also showed comparable effects to TQ when the same concentrations were tested. These findings provide further support for the use of TQRF as an alternative to combat oxidative stress insults in neurodegenerative diseases